Pranab Dash
ABSTRACT
By omitting external lighting, OLED display significantly reduces the power draw compared to its predecessor LCD and has gained wide adoption in modern smartphones. The real potential of OLED in saving phone battery drain lies in exploiting app UI color design, i.e., how to design app UI to use pixel colors that result in low OLED display power draw. In this paper, we design and implement an accurate per-frame OLED display power profiler, PFOP, that helps developers to gain insight into the impact of different app UI design on its OLED power draw, and an enhanced Android Battery that helps phone users to understand and manage phone display energy drain, for example, from different app and display configurations such as dark mode and screen brightness. A major challenge in designing both tools is to develop an accurate and robust OLED display power model. We experimentally show that linear-regression-based OLED power models developed in the past decade cannot capture the unique behavior of OLED display hardware in modern smartphones which have a large color space and propose a new piecewise power model that achieves much better modeling accuracy than the prior-art by applying linear regression in each small regions of the vast color space. Using the two tools, we performed to our knowledge the first power saving measurement of the emerging dark mode for a set of popular Google Android apps.
- B. Anand, K. Thirugnanam, J. Sebastian, P. G. Kannan, A. L. Ananda, M. C. Chan, and R. K. Balan. Adaptive display power management for mobile games. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services, MobiSys '11, pages 57--70, New York, NY, USA, 2011. ACM.Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Measuring power values. https://source.android.com/devices/tech/power/values. Online; December 6, 2019.Google Scholar
- Appium: Mobile app automation made awesome. http://appium.io. Online; August 1, 2019.Google Scholar
- https://source.android.com/devices/graphics.Google Scholar
- https://source.android.com/devices/graphics/arch-sf-hwc.html.Google Scholar
- G. Association. The mobile economy 2019. https://www.gsma.com/r/mobileeconomy/. Online; August 7, 2019.Google Scholar
- T. Bedford. Apple announces dark mode for your iphone - a new feature of ios 13. https://www.techradar.com/news/apple-announces-dark-mode-for-your-iphone. Online; June 3, 2019.Google Scholar
- J. Bell. Programmer's guide to gamma correction. https://medium.com/@Jacob_Bell/programmers-guide-to-gamma-correction-4c1d3a1724fb. Online; December 6, 2019.Google Scholar
- K. Bradshaw. Android q beta 5: 'force dark' mode setting works, no longer darkens some google apps. https://9to5google.com/2019/07/10/android-q-beta-5-force-dark-mode-returns/. Online; August 7, 2019.Google Scholar
- D. Burke. Final beta update, official android q coming soon! https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/08/final-beta-update-official-android-q.html. Online; August 7, 2019.Google Scholar
- E. Burrage. Outlook mobile is rolling out dark mode and exemplifies microsoft 365 design. https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/Outlook-Blog/Outlook-mobile-is-rolling-out-Dark-Mode-and-exemplifies/ba-p/813738. Online; December 6, 2019.Google Scholar
- T. Chang, S. S. Xu, and S. Su. Ssim-based quality-on-demand energy-saving schemes for OLED displays. IEEE Trans. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 46(5):623--635, 2016.Google ScholarCross Ref
- X. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Ma, and F. C. A. Fernandes. How is energy consumed in smartphone display applications? In Proceedings of the 14th Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, HotMobile '13, pages 3:1--3:6, New York, NY, USA, 2013. ACM.Google ScholarDigital Library
- X. Chen, J. Mao, J. Gao, K. W. Nixon, and Y. Chen. Morph: Mobile oled-friendly recording and playback system for low power video streaming. In Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Design Automation Conference, DAC '16, pages 153:1--153:6, New York, NY, USA, 2016. ACM.Google ScholarDigital Library
- X. Chen, K. W. Nixon, H. Zhou, Y. Liu, and Y. Chen. Fingershadow: An oled power optimization based on smartphone touch interactions. In Proceedings of the 6th USENIX Conference on Power-Aware Computing and Systems, HotPower' 14, pages 6--6, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2014. USENIX Association.Google Scholar
- J. Cipriani. 11 apps that show off ios 13's new dark mode. https://www.cnet.com/how-to/11-apps-that-show-off-ios-13s-new-dark-mode/. Online; December 6, 2019.Google Scholar
- J. Cipriani. After you use dark mode in these 13 android apps, you'll never go back. https://www.cnet.com/how-to/after-you-use-dark-mode-in-these-13-android-apps-youll-never-go-back/. Online; December 6, 2019.Google Scholar
- J. Cohen. How to enable dark mode on your web browser. https://www.pcmag.com/feature/369568/how-to-enable-dark-mode-on-your-web-browser. Online; August 7, 2019.Google Scholar
- https://support.google.com/accessibility/android/answer/6151850?hl=en.Google Scholar
- https://developer.android.com/reference/android/graphics/ColorMatrix.Google Scholar
- G suite updates. https://gsuiteupdates.googleblog.com/2019/09/dark-theme-android-ios.html. Online; December 6, 2019.Google Scholar
- New features available with ios 13. https://www.apple.com/ios/ios-13-preview/features/. Online; August 7, 2019.Google Scholar
- M. Dong, Y.-S. K. Choi, and L. Zhong. Power modeling of graphical user interfaces on oled displays. In Proceedings of the 46th Annual Design Automation Conference, pages 652--657. ACM, 2009.Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Dong, Y.-S. K. Choi, and L. Zhong. Power-saving color transformation of mobile graphical user interfaces on oled-based displays. In Proceedings of the 2009 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, ISLPED '09, pages 339--342, New York, NY, USA, 2009. ACM.Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Dong and L. Zhong. Chameleon: A color-adaptive web browser for mobile oled displays. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services, MobiSys '11, pages 375--376, New York, NY, USA, 2011. ACM.Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. R. Forrest. The road to high efficiency organic light emitting devices. Organic Electronics, 4:45--489, 2003.Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. Jain. Introducing dark mode on microsoft intune company portal for ios. https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/Enterprise-Mobility-Security/Introducing-dark-mode-on-Microsoft-Intune-Company-Portal-for-iOS/ba-p/918453. Online; December 6, 2019.Google Scholar
- D. Kim, W. Jung, and H. Cha. Runtime power estimation of mobile amoled displays. In 2013 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), pages 61--64. IEEE, 2013.Google Scholar
- A. Li. The ultimate guide to dark mode for email marketers. https://litmus.com/blog/the-ultimate-guide-to-dark-mode-for-email-marketers. Online; December 6, 2019.Google Scholar
- D. Li, A. H. Tran, and W. G. J. Halfond. Making web applications more energy efficient for oled smartphones. In Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2014, pages 527--538, New York, NY, USA, 2014. ACM.Google ScholarDigital Library
- D. Li, A. H. Tran, and W. G. J. Halfond. Nyx: A display energy optimizer for mobile web apps. In Proceedings of the 2015 10th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering, ESEC/FSE 2015, pages 958--961, New York, NY, USA, 2015. ACM.Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. Mittal, A. Kansal, and R. Chandra. Empowering developers to estimate app energy consumption. In Proceedings of the 18th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking, pages 317--328. ACM, 2012.Google ScholarDigital Library
- J.-H. Park and Y.-J. Kim. Accurate power model for mobile amoled displays. Electronics Letters, 51(7):553--555, 2015.Google ScholarCross Ref
- PFOP in Google Play. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.pdeveloper.pcav5. Online; December 4, 2020.Google Scholar
- M. Potuck. How to use dark mode on iphone in ios 13. https://9to5mac.com/2019/06/04/how-to-use-dark-mode-iphone/. Online; August 7, 2019.Google Scholar
- Monsoon power monitor. http://www.msoon.com/LabEquipment/PowerMonitor/.Google Scholar
- B. Schoon. Here's every google app with a dark mode, and how to enable it. https://9to5google.com/2019/10/10/google-dark-mode-apps-gallery/. Online; December 6, 2019.Google Scholar
- J. Shinar. Organic Light-Emitting Devices: A Survey. Springer, 2004.Google ScholarCross Ref
- P. Stanley-Marbell, V. Estellers, and M. Rinard. Crayon: Saving power through shape and color approximation on next-generation displays. In Proceedings of the Eleventh European Conference on Computer Systems, EuroSys '16, pages 11:1--11:17, New York, NY, USA, 2016. ACM.Google ScholarDigital Library
- K. W. Tan, T. Okoshi, A. Misra, and R. K. Balan. Focus: A usable & effective approach to oled display power management. In Proceedings of the 2013 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing, UbiComp '13, pages 573--582, New York, NY, USA, 2013. ACM.Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Wan, Y. Jin, D. Li, J. Gui, S. Mahajan, and W. G. J. Halfond. Detecting display energy hotspots in android apps. Journal of Software: Testing, Verification, and Reliability, 27(6):1--15, 2017.Google Scholar
- C. Welch. Google confirms dark mode is a huge help for battery life on android. https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/8/18076502/google-dark-mode-android-battery-life. Online; November 8, 2018.Google Scholar
- D. Wilde. Chrome canary 77 tweaks dark mode on web pages, no longer inverts image colors. https://9to5google.com/2019/07/16/chrome-canary-77-dark-mode/. Online; August 7, 2019.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- How much battery does dark mode save?: an accurate OLED display power profiler for modern smartphones
Recommendations
How is energy consumed in smartphone display applications?
HotMobile '13: Proceedings of the 14th Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and ApplicationsSmartphones have emerged as a popular and frequently used platform for the consumption of multimedia. New display technologies, such as AMOLED, have been recently introduced to smartphones to fulfill the requirements of these multimedia applications. ...
A First Look at Dark Mode in Real-world Android Apps
Android apps often have a “dark mode” option used in low-light situations, for those who find the conventional color palette problematic, or because of personal preferences. Typically developers add a dark mode option for their apps with different ...
Too Many Pixels to Perceive: Subpixel Shutoff for Display Energy Reduction on OLED Smartphones
MM '17: Proceedings of the 25th ACM international conference on MultimediaOrganic light-emitting diode (OLED) has been widely recognized as the next-generation mobile display. Recently, smartphone manufacturers have been pushing up the pixel density of OLED display. Unfortunately, such an effort does not necessarily improve ...
Comments