Research article
Intake of Camelina Sativa Oil and Fatty Fish Alter the Plasma Lipid Mediator Profile in Subjects with Impaired Glucose Metabolism – A Randomized Controlled Trial

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102143Get rights and content
Under a Creative Commons license
open access

Highlights

  • Dietary short and long chain n-3 fatty acids modify lipid mediator profiles.

  • Eating of fatty fish increases concentrations of hydroxy derivatives of EPA and DHA.

  • Changes in n-3 lipid mediator concentrations follow the intake of their precursor PUFA.

Abstract

n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their lipid mediator metabolites are associated with inflammation. We investigated the effect of dietary intake of plant- and animal-derived n-3 PUFAs and fish protein on the circulatory concentrations of lipid mediators. Seventy-nine subjects with impaired fasting glucose who completed the controlled dietary intervention after randomization to the fatty fish (FF, n=20), lean fish (LF, n=21), Camelina sativa oil (CSO, n=18) or control group (n=20) for 12 weeks were studied. Lipid mediator profiling from fasting plasma samples before and after the intervention was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The FF diet increased concentrations of 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE) and 4- and 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (4-, 17-HDoHE) derived from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), respectively. Concentrations of lipid mediators derived from α-linolenic acid (ALA) increased and arachidonic acid (AA) derived 5-iso prostaglandin F-VI decreased in the CSO group. There were no significant changes in lipid mediators in the LF group. The dietary intake of both plant and animal-based n-3 PUFAs increased circulatory concentrations of lipid mediators with potential anti-inflammatory properties.

Keywords

α-linolenic acid
EPA
DHA
lipid mediator
Camelina sativa

Abbreviations

AA
arachidonic acid
ALA
α-linolenic acid
COX
cyclooxygenase
CYP
cytochrome P450
DGLA
dihomo-γ-linolenic acid
DHA
docosahexaenoic acid
DiHETE
dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, DiHETrE, dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid
DiHOME
dihydroxyoctadecenoic acid
HODE
hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid
EKODE
epoxyketooctadecenoic acid
EPA
eicosapentaenoic acid
EpETrE
epoxyeicosatrienoic acid
EpODE
epoxyoctadecadienoic acid
EpOME
epoxyoctadecenoic acid
HDoHE
hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, HEPE, hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid
HEDE
hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid
HETE
hydroxytetraenoic acid
HETrE
hydroxyeicosatrienoic aci d
HOTrE
hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid
LXA
lipoxin A
KODE
oxo-octadecadienoic acid
5-iPF-VI
5-iso prostaglandin F-VI
DiHDPA
dihydroxy-docosapentaenoic acid, LA, linoleic acid
LOX
lipoxygenase
NE
non-enzymatic auto-oxidation
PGs
prostaglandins
TriHOME
trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid, TXBs, thromboxanes

Cited by (0)

The study is registered in Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01768429)

Summary: We performed a 12-week randomized dietary intervention study consisting of a control and three intervention groups with diets enriched with fatty fish, lean fish or Camelina sativa oil. Changes in individual circulatory lipid mediator profiles were assessed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Dietary fatty fish, at a minimum of four meals per week, increased circulating concentrations of hydroxy fatty acid derivatives of EPA and DHA. Camelina sativa oil increased concentrations of hydroxy and epoxy fatty acids derived from ALA. Our results indicate that dietary intake of both long and short chain n-3 fatty acids is reflected in the plasma concentrations of lipid mediators derived from these fatty acids.