DNA storage is one of the most promising ways for future information storage due to its high data storage density, durable storage time and low maintenance cost. However, errors are inevitable during synthesizing, storing and sequencing. Currently, many error correction algorithms have been developed to ensure accurate information retrieval, but they will decrease storage density or increase computing complexity.Here,we apply the Bloom Filter,a space-efficient probabilistic data structure,to DNA storage to achieve the anti-error, or anti-contamination function. This method only needs the original correct DNA sequences (referred to as target sequences) to produce a corresponding data structure, which will filter out almost all the incorrect sequences (referred to as non-target sequences) during sequencing data analysis. Experimental results demonstrate the universal and efficient filtering capabilities of our method. Furthermore, we employ the Counting Bloom Filter to achieve the file version control function, which significantly reduces synthesis costs when modifying DNA-form files. To achieve cost-efficient file version control function, a modified system based on yin-yang codec is developed.

Wide bandgap (WBG) and ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors in n-type metal–oxide–semiconductor (n-MOS) integrated circuits (ICs) are increasingly being explored for their potential applications in the rapidly developing field of electronics. This review comprehensively examines the role of n-MOS inverters underpinned by WBG and UWBG semiconductors and their application possibilities. It delves into various n-MOS inverter topologies, including resistive, enhancement or diode-load, depletion-load, and pseudo-complementary MOS inverter topologies. Each topology's operational principles, unique advantages, and potential performance are elucidated in detail. Finally, these topologies are simulated using the Advanced Design System software for a fair comparison between various topologies. The literature and simulation results show that the pseudo-D topology has the best gain and improved noise margin. The review methodology involves an extensive exploration of WBG/UWBG n-MOS inverters to advance the current understanding of WBG/UWBG n-MOS-based ICs.

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) are a promising cell source for cardiac regenerative medicine and in vitro modeling. However, hPSC-CMs exhibit immature structural and functional properties compared with adult cardiomyocytes. Various electrical, mechanical, and biochemical cues have been applied to enhance hPSC-CM maturation but with limited success. In this work, we investigated the potential application of the semiconducting polymer poly{[N,N′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD-T2)) as a light-sensitive material to stimulate hPSC-CMs optically. Our results indicated that P(NDI2OD-T2)-mediated photostimulation caused cell damage at irradiances applied long-term above 36 μW/mm2 and did not regulate cardiac monolayer beating (after maturation) at higher intensities applied in a transient fashion. However, we discovered that the cells grown on P(NDI2OD-T2)-coated substrates showed significantly enhanced expression of cardiomyocyte maturation markers in the absence of a light exposure stimulus. A combination of techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, which we applied to investigate the interface of the cell with the n-type coating, revealed that P(NDI2OD-T2) impacted the nanostructure, adsorption, and viscoelasticity of the Matrigel coating used as a cell adhesion promoter matrix. This modified cellular microenvironment promoted the expression of cardiomyocyte maturation markers related to contraction, calcium handling, metabolism, and conduction. Overall, our findings demonstrate that conjugated polymers such as P(NDI2OD-T2) can be used as passive coatings to direct stem cell fate through interfacial engineering of cell growth substrates.

Understanding the structure–performance relationships of a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) at the atomic level is key to yielding high efficiency in activating chemically “inert” molecules into value-added products. A sound strategy was developed herein through incorporating oxygen defects into a Zr-based metal–organic layer (Zr-MOL-D) and employing Lewis basic proximal surface hydroxyls for the in situ formation of solid heterogeneous FLP (Zr4-δ–VO–Zr–OH). Zr-MOL-D exhibits a superior CO2 to CO conversion rate of 49.4 μmol g–1 h–1 in water vapor without any sacrificing agent or photosensitizer, which is about 12 times higher than that of pure MOL (Zr-MOL-P), with extreme stability even after being placed for half a year. Theoretical and experimental results reveal that the introduction of FLP converts the process of the crucial intermediate COOH* from an endothermic reaction to an exothermic spontaneous reaction. This work is expected to provide new prospects for developing efficient MOL-based photocatalysts in FLP chemistry through a sound defect-engineering strategy.

Particle crushing takes place in a wide range of engineering applications and affects fluid flow through granular materials. This study examines volumetric changes and the evolution of hydraulic conductivity during particle crushing using a combination of high-stress experiments, data compilation from published studies and particle-scale numerical simulations. An asymptotically correct hyperbolic model fits void ratio versus stress data and provides reliable estimates of the yield stress. Alternatively, hydraulic conductivity follows a power law with void ratio and the trend extends into the grain crushing regime. Hydraulic conductivity diminishes rapidly as sand grains start crushing; the reduction in hydraulic conductivity can reach 1-to-4 orders of magnitude depending on mineral composition, particle shape and initial packing density. Crushing involves the progressive detachment of small fragments; these small particles move into the larger pores, increase the drag resistance, clog pore constrictions, and effectively hinder fluid flow after the yield stress.